Advantages and disadvantages of the parenteral route. Jan 01, 2014 advantages and disadvantages of the parenteral route. Parenteral dosage forms are intended for administration as an injection or infusion. Condition of the patient unconscious, vomiting, diarrhoea. Not recommended in severely dehydrated or critically ill animals. It can provide fluids, electrolytes, and nutrition. Routes of administration are generally classified by the location at which the substance is applied.
Parenteral preparations circumvent the intestinal tract and, therefore, are not subject to pharmacodynamic properties. The parenteral administration route is the most effective and common form of delivery for active drug substances with metabolic bioavailabilities drug for which the bioavailability in limited by high first pass metabolism effect of other physicochemical limitation and for drugs with a narrow therapeutic index. Routes of administration of a drug are determined by its physical and chemical properties, patient characteristics and the rapidity of response desired. Systemic route a enteral route b parenteral route 1. Guidelines usfda 6 rights right patient right drug right dose right time right route right documentation 3 4. A route of administration is the path by which a drug, fluid, poison or other substance is brought into contact with the body. Jadelle levonorgestrel implants for subdermal use www document. Good practice administration routes and volumes for mice, rats, and rabbits. Parenteral drug administration their types, advantages and. The parenteral routes of administration are used for various reasons. Unlike taking medications orally or rectally, introducing a drug into the body by parenteral administration. This is the most frequently used route of drug administration and is the most convenient and costeffective. Parenteral drug delivery is the administration of a drug via a parenteral route. A route of administration in pharmacology and toxicology is the path by which a drug, fluid, poison, or other substance is taken into the body.
Parenteral definition of parenteral by medical dictionary. When immediate effect of a drug is desired or when a drug cannot be injected into body tissues without damaging them. Each route has several variations, and each offers distinct advantages and disadvantages. Intravenous administration merits bypass first pass metabolism100% quick onset of action in uncooperative and unconscious patients those with nausea and vomiting hypertonic solutions and irritants large volumes amount of drug can be controlled accurately demerits antiseptic conditions depend on others painful and riskycant be recalled. Parenteral drug administration means any nonoral means of administration, but is generally interpreted as relating to injecting directly into the body, bypassing the skin and mucous membranes. Route of administration an overview sciencedirect topics. Pdf systemic absorption of a drug depends on its physicochemical properties. The parenteral route of drug administration is now considered the most effective route as it provides a rapid onset of action, a good bioavailability of the drugs and a reliable option for drug. Route of drug administration with selection parameters in simple hindi. Parenteral administration of drugs is generally limited to subcutaneous, intramuscular, intraperitoneal, or intraosseous routes table 157.
There are five commonly used routes of parenteral route other than. At bc cancer, cancer drugs for parenteral administration are. Most hazardous route watch vital signs, used for contrast media. Routes of drug administration oral po oral administration will be covered in more detail in subsequent chapters.
Though the mechanisms of action of drugs delivered by these routes are different, they offer a common advantage increased therapeutic index with simultaneously decreased side effects. Rate of absorbtion depends on formulation oilbased is slow, waterbased is fast. Longer duration of action than iv can dose less frequently. The term parenteral is applied to preparations administered by injection through one or more layer of skin tissue. Parenteral route of administration of drugs youtube. Parenteral administration of medication in small animals. Sc administrat ion of drugs consists in injecting them under the skin into the adipose layer. Start studying parenteral routes of drug administration. The legal and professional consequences of administering drugs via enteral feeding tubes 38 8. Routes of drug administration by professor fink duration.
Unit 4 part 11 parenteral routes of drug administration. However, most drugs cannot be taken this way because they may be absorbed incompletely or erratically. Thoma biopharmaceutics and immunogenicity of biotherapeutics balaji agoram, kazuko sagawa, ravi m shanker, and satish singh preformulation research of. Routes can also be classified based on where the target of action is. The iv route is the fastest method for delivering systemic drugs. If a drug is poorly absorbed when orally administered or is degraded by stomach acid or the gastrointestinal enzymes, then a parenteral route would be indicated. Infusions typically are given by intravenous route. Parenteral definition is situated or occurring outside the intestine. Relatively rapid onset of action generally 30 mins. Parenteral definition of parenteral by the free dictionary. Most drugs can be administered by a variety of routes. Route of administration shall consist of an alphabetic term which has a maximum length shall be restricted to 60 characters, with the hyphen and virgule being only punctuation permissible. Health professionals must demonstrate their competence before taking responsibility for parenteral administration. Injectable preparations are usually sterile solutions or suspensions of drug in water.
Because the muscles lie below the skin and fatty tissues, a longer needle is used. It is a method of delivering the drug directly into the blood stream without having to pass the oral or alimentary mucous layer. One method of classifying routes of administration is enteral and parenteral. Health and safety and clinical risk management 47 9. Injection volumes provided in this document are general recommendations. Contents definition factors affecting route classification local routes and their advantages and disadvantages enteral routes and their advantages and disadvantages parenteral routes and their advantages and disadvantages 3.
The parenteral drug administration route is one way drugs are administered to people. Drug and patientrelated factors determine the selection of routes for drug administration. Oral route is the most common route of drug administration. Scheme of the different sites of parenteral administration of drugs. It may be in the form of tablets, capsules, syrup, emulsions. The parenteral route of administration is the most effective route for the delivery of the active pharmaceutical substances with narrow therapeutic index, poor. Routes of parenteral administration linkedin slideshare.
Iv delivery permits a rapid effect and a maximal degree of control over the circulating levels of the drug. In general, drugs can be administered via two primary routes. The iv route carries the greatest risk of any route of drug administration. Parenteral definition and meaning collins english dictionary. Drug delivery characteristics and pharmacodynamic properties vary depending on the route of administration chosen for the drug. Parenteral route of administration of drugs teachglobal.
Figures and tables can be seen in the attached printfriendly pdf file of the complete article. Drug administration drugs msd manual consumer version. The route of administration, constant rate of flow required, and potential patient sensitivity to the elements administered, all contribute to the potential complications of parenteral nutrition. Dosage, design, and pharmacotherapy success chapter pdf available january 2018 with 19,343 reads how we measure reads. This route of administration is possible if the drug is in liquid dosage form. A scheme of the different sites for parenteral drug administration is presented in figure 6. Absorbtion may be altered by vehicle present in preparation.
If patient needs fast and immediate drug therapeutic effect if oral or respiratory route is contraindicated if drug effects are optimal and effective in a parenteral route routes. Oral route oral refers to two methods of administration. The oral route of administration is the safest, most economical and the most convenient way of giving medicines. The choice of appropriate route in a given situation depends both on drug as well as patient related factors. Parenteral dosage forms differ from all other drug. Chapter formulation development of parenteral products. Sep 30, 2016 parenteral route of administration of drugs teachglobal. The sublingual route is especially good for nitroglycerin, which is used to relieve angina, because absorption is rapid and the drug immediately enters the bloodstream without first passing through the intestinal wall and liver. Common examples include oral and intravenous administration. Parenteral definition of parenteral by merriamwebster. Sep 10, 2011 shepherd m 2011 administration of drugs 3. Camille harris, in manual of exotic pet practice, 2009.
Intravenous administration is the most frequently used route for parenteral cancer drug delivery. Choice of medication formulation alimemazine trimeprazine tartrate25 7. The common parenteral routes are intramuscular im, subcutaneous sc and intravenous iv. The path taken by the drug to get into the body is known as the route of drug administration. For many pscbased therapies, the target site is usually at or near the site of cell loss or injury e. Dosage form design may also be used modify the rate of absorption. In this route of administration the drug does not pass through the gastrointestinal tract. The parenteral route of administration does have its disadvantages. In parenteral drug delivery, major progress has been done in the field of formulation technologies so as to provide a targeted and sustained release of drug in predictable manner.
Drugs are usually injected into the muscle of the upper arm, thigh, or buttock. Route of administration should address three basic criteria. Parenteral route of administration and dosage forms a drug given parenterally is one given by a route other than the mouth topical dosage forms are considered separately. The various routes of administrations are classified into following categories.
This article throws light upon the three main routes of drug administration. Routes of administration parenteral administration intravenous administration has been used most often with isoproterenol and albuterol may be of benefit since by this route the drug is available to all areas of the lung and not just the ventilated areas. Although soliddose forms such as tablets and capsules have a high degree of drug stability and provide accurate dosage, the oral route is problematic because of the unpredictable nature of gastrointestinal absorption. Alternative routes of drug administration transdermal. A patient is diagnosed with cancer and requires 6 months of chemotherapy infusions.
Common injection types are intravenous into a vein, subcutaneous under the skin, and intramuscular into muscle. This quiz will assess what you know about what parenteral means and where a subcutaneous injection can be. The drugs administration by this route generally affects to the part to which they are applied. Intravenous the injection of a drug directly into the patients veins is the most rapid route of administration, resulting in the most rapid onset of action. Which type of intravenous iv access device will likely be used. Parenteral formulations refer to sterile liquid or solid drug dosages packaged in either single or multi dose containers to be administered via a route other than the digestive tract, such as by. Medication administration considerations in hamsters and gerbils. A drug given parenterally is one given by a route other than the mouth topical dosage forms are considered separately. The key features of various routes are discussed here see table 21. Most of the drugs can be administered by different routes. The intramuscular route is preferred to the subcutaneous route when larger volumes of a drug product are needed. For a more detailed description of the specific methodology involved in drug administration, the references at the end of this chapter include several excellent resources on this topic. Clinical pharmacology of parenteral use of antiepileptic drugs. A route of administration in pharmacy is the path by which a drug is taken into the body.
Routes of drug administration ppt pdf 10 routes of drug. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Good route for chronic, athome fluid administration. Vitamin b is available in different forms for oral or parenteral usually intramuscular administration. Administration of the nutrients is accomplished via a central venous catheter, usually inserted in the superior vena cava. Intravenous route advantages iv is the most common parenteral route. Parenteral formulations, particularly intravascular ones, offer a unique opportunity. Nurses responsibilities ensure that the correct drug is administered by the right route and in the right dose history of allergy should be taken particularly before parenteral administration of drugs monitor the adverse effects drugs should be kept in a safe place check the prescription, drug label and the patients name before the. Describe advantages and disadvantages of the parenteral route of administration. Topical administration is a parenteral route that does not require sterile formulations. The popular routes of parenteral administration are. In this lesson, we defined that a parenteral drug administration is the delivery of a medication by injection into the body, and discussed the common types of injections to include. A route of administration in pharmacology and toxicology is the path by which a drug, fluid, poison, or other substance is taken into the body routes of administration are generally classified by the location at which the substance is applied. Parenteral administration medications can be delivered into the body through a variety of routes.
Intravenous administration merits bypass first pass metabolism100% quick onset of action in uncooperative and unconscious patients those with nausea and vomiting hypertonic solutions and irritants large volumes amount of drug can be controlled accurately demerits antiseptic conditions depend on others painful and riskycant be recalled embolism suspensionsoily. Routes of administration requiring sterile formulations. Intravenousiv most hazardous route watch vital signs, used for contrast media. This route is risky but has many advantages than the oral route of drug administration. Parenteral drug administration their types, advantages. Intradermal into the dermis subcutaneous into a subcutaneous tissue. The three main parenteral routes of drug administration are iv, im, and sc, and in all cases administration is usually via a hollow needle. Absorption after oral administration can be quite variable.
Parenteral routes of drug administration basicmedical key. Parenteral routes of drug administration flashcards quizlet. Apr 30, 2020 parenteral formulations refer to sterile liquid or solid drug dosages packaged in either single or multi dose containers to be administered via a route other than the digestive tract, such as by. March 19, 2016 parenteral refers to the injectable route of drug administration, it is the route of drug administration other than oral route, which bypasses the alimentary canal. Parenteral medications are drugs given through routes other than the alimentary or respiratory tract. Changes in route of administration or in the parenteral ev formulation only affect the extent and rate of absorption, whereas the disposition is an intrinsic property of the aed or the active entity. Route of administration for rodents are guided by temperament, size, and restraint methods. Routes of administration and devices himanshu bhattacharjee and laura a. Figures and tables can be seen in the attached printfriendly pdf file.
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